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vllm.models.kimi_k3.nvidia.mla

Clean Multi-head Latent Attention for Kimi-K3 (NVIDIA).

This is a self-contained MLA layer that owns the full attention path:

hidden_states
  -> fused pre-attention ops (fused_qkv_a_proj / norms / q_b_proj)
  -> explicit prefill / decode split
       prefill: fused key-concat + cache-insert kernel -> run_prefill_new_tokens
                (+ chunked-context merge, whose per-chunk gather -> kv_b_proj
                -> fused K/V pack loop this layer owns); dispatched by cache
                dtype (bf16 / plain fp8 / fp8_ds_mla)
       decode : W_UK absorb (BMM1) -> fused q-concat + cache-insert kernel
                -> impl.forward_mqa -> W_UV up-proj (MQA)
  -> optional output gate
  -> o_proj

Unlike MultiHeadLatentAttentionWrapper (which delegates orchestration to MLAAttention.forward), this class is the AttentionLayerBase: it selects the backend, builds the impl, registers itself in the forward context, owns the KV cache, and absorbs kv_b_proj into W_UK_T / W_UV -- mirroring the DeepseekV4Attention structure.

K3 specifics: optional rotary embedding (disabled for the target model's NoPE layers, enabled for DSpark) and an optional sigmoid output gate (g_proj).

Out of scope (extension points, not wired here): prefill context parallelism (PCP), sparse/indexer MLA, and the ROCm/aiter fp8/fp4 BMM fast paths.

Classes:

MultiHeadLatentAttention

Bases: Module, AttentionLayerBase

Kimi-K3 Multi-head Latent Attention with optional RoPE and output gate.

Methods:

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
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class MultiHeadLatentAttention(nn.Module, AttentionLayerBase):
    """Kimi-K3 Multi-head Latent Attention with optional RoPE and output gate."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        config: KimiLinearConfig,
        hidden_size: int,
        num_heads: int,
        qk_nope_head_dim: int,
        qk_rope_head_dim: int,
        v_head_dim: int,
        q_lora_rank: int | None,
        kv_lora_rank: int,
        use_output_gate: bool = False,
        cache_config: CacheConfig | None = None,
        quant_config: QuantizationConfig | None = None,
        prefix: str = "",
        aux_stream: torch.cuda.Stream | None = None,
        use_rope: bool = False,
        non_causal_multi_token_decode: bool = False,
        run_gemm_rs_ar: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.qk_nope_head_dim = qk_nope_head_dim
        self.qk_rope_head_dim = qk_rope_head_dim
        self.qk_head_dim = qk_nope_head_dim + qk_rope_head_dim
        self.v_head_dim = v_head_dim
        self.q_lora_rank = q_lora_rank
        self.kv_lora_rank = kv_lora_rank
        self.non_causal_multi_token_decode = non_causal_multi_token_decode
        # Latent "head" seen by the attention kernel / KV cache.
        self.head_size = kv_lora_rank + qk_rope_head_dim
        self.scale = self.qk_head_dim**-0.5
        self.rms_norm_eps = config.rms_norm_eps
        self.layer_name = prefix

        self.rotary_emb: RotaryEmbedding | None = None
        if use_rope:
            rope_parameters = dict(config.rope_parameters)
            if rope_parameters["rope_type"] != "default":
                rope_parameters["rope_type"] = (
                    "deepseek_yarn"
                    if rope_parameters.get("apply_yarn_scaling", True)
                    else "deepseek_llama_scaling"
                )
            self.rotary_emb = get_rope(
                qk_rope_head_dim,
                max_position=config.max_position_embeddings,
                rope_parameters=rope_parameters,
                is_neox_style=False,
                dtype=torch.float32,
            )
            if rope_parameters["rope_type"] == "deepseek_yarn":
                mscale_all_dim = rope_parameters.get("mscale_all_dim", False)
                scaling_factor = rope_parameters["factor"]
                mscale = (
                    1.0
                    if scaling_factor <= 1
                    else 0.1 * float(mscale_all_dim) * math.log(scaling_factor) + 1.0
                )
                self.scale *= mscale * mscale
            # The fused epilogues read the cos/sin table directly in fp32 and run
            # the RoPE math in fp32, so there is no per-forward dtype cast (and no
            # precision loss). deepseek_yarn builds cos_sin_cache in fp32 already;
            # dtype=torch.float32 above forces it for the default rope too (the
            # DSpark draft, which has no yarn scaling).
            assert self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache.dtype == torch.float32, (
                "K3 fused MLA RoPE requires an fp32 cos/sin cache; got "
                f"{self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache.dtype}."
            )

        tp_size = get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size()
        assert num_heads % tp_size == 0
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.num_local_heads = num_heads // tp_size

        # ---- Pre-attention projections (fusable front-end) ----
        # Two query variants: a low-rank q-LoRA path (Kimi-K3) fused with the
        # kv-down proj, or an uncompressed q path (Kimi-Linear, ``q_lora_rank``
        # None) with a standalone ``q_proj`` and separate ``kv_a_proj_with_mqa``.
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            # Fused q-down + kv-down projection. Replicated (disable_tp) because
            # the low-rank latents are shared across TP ranks; TP splitting
            # happens at q_b_proj / kv_b_proj. Checkpoint weights ``q_a_proj``
            # and ``kv_a_proj_with_mqa`` map onto shards 0 and 1 respectively.
            self.fused_qkv_a_proj = MergedColumnParallelLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim],
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.fused_qkv_a_proj",
                disable_tp=True,
            )
            self.q_a_layernorm = RMSNorm(self.q_lora_rank, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
            self.q_b_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
                self.q_lora_rank,
                self.num_heads * self.qk_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.q_b_proj",
            )
        else:
            # Uncompressed query: full-rank q_proj (TP-split over heads) plus a
            # replicated kv-down projection (shared latent across TP ranks).
            self.q_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_heads * self.qk_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.q_proj",
            )
            self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa = ReplicatedLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.kv_lora_rank + self.qk_rope_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.kv_a_proj_with_mqa",
            )
        self.kv_a_layernorm = RMSNorm(self.kv_lora_rank, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
        self.kv_b_proj = ColumnParallelLinear(
            self.kv_lora_rank,
            self.num_heads * (self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim),
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.kv_b_proj",
        )

        # ---- Post-attention projections ----
        self.use_output_gate = use_output_gate
        self.g_proj = (
            ColumnParallelLinear(
                self.hidden_size,
                self.num_heads * self.v_head_dim,
                bias=False,
                quant_config=quant_config,
                prefix=f"{prefix}.g_proj",
            )
            if use_output_gate
            else None
        )
        # Aux stream (created at the model level, DeepseekV4 convention) for
        # overlapping the g_proj GEMM with the attention front-end. None on
        # ROCm/non-cuda -> maybe_execute_in_parallel falls back to sequential.
        self.aux_stream = aux_stream
        self._gate_events = (
            [torch.cuda.Event(), torch.cuda.Event()]
            if self.g_proj is not None and current_platform.is_cuda_alike()
            else None
        )
        self.o_proj = RowParallelLinear(
            self.num_heads * self.v_head_dim,
            self.hidden_size,
            bias=False,
            quant_config=quant_config,
            prefix=f"{prefix}.o_proj",
        )
        self.gemm_rs_ar = None
        if run_gemm_rs_ar:
            from vllm.models.kimi_k3.nvidia.ops.cute_dsl.gemm_rs_ar import (
                get_gemm_rs_ar,
            )

            gemm_rs_ar = get_gemm_rs_ar()
            if gemm_rs_ar.can_run(self.o_proj):
                self.gemm_rs_ar = gemm_rs_ar
            else:
                logger.warning_once(
                    "GEMM-RS/AR is disabled for %s due to an incompatible projection.",
                    prefix,
                )

        # ---- Attention backend / impl / KV cache ----
        self.quant_config = quant_config
        if cache_config is not None:
            self.kv_cache_dtype = cache_config.cache_dtype
        else:
            self.kv_cache_dtype = "auto"

        dtype = torch.get_default_dtype()
        self.attn_backend = get_attn_backend(
            self.head_size,
            dtype,
            self.kv_cache_dtype,
            use_mla=True,
            use_sparse=False,
            num_heads=self.num_local_heads,
        )
        _init_kv_cache_quant(self, quant_config, prefix)
        # Unit (1.0) scale for the fused fp8 prefill path: q/k/v are cast
        # unscaled to match forward_mha (the prefill flash path does not
        # dequantize); only the cache uses _k_scale.
        self.register_buffer(
            "_one_scale", torch.ones(1, dtype=torch.float32), persistent=False
        )

        impl_cls = cast(type[MLAAttentionImpl], self.attn_backend.get_impl_cls())
        self.impl = impl_cls(  # type: ignore[assignment]
            num_heads=self.num_local_heads,
            head_size=self.head_size,
            scale=self.scale,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            alibi_slopes=None,
            sliding_window=None,
            kv_cache_dtype=self.kv_cache_dtype,
            logits_soft_cap=None,
            attn_type=AttentionType.DECODER,
            kv_sharing_target_layer_name=None,
            q_lora_rank=self.q_lora_rank,
            kv_lora_rank=self.kv_lora_rank,
            qk_nope_head_dim=self.qk_nope_head_dim,
            qk_rope_head_dim=self.qk_rope_head_dim,
            qk_head_dim=self.qk_head_dim,
            v_head_dim=self.v_head_dim,
            kv_b_proj=self.kv_b_proj,
            indexer=None,
        )
        if getattr(self.impl, "dcp_world_size", -1) < 1:
            # FlashAttention requires the cp_world_size is positive and the cp_rank
            # is non negative; manually set here if not set by caller (-1 is unset)
            self.impl.dcp_world_size = 1
            self.impl.dcp_rank = 0
        self.q_pad_num_heads = getattr(self.impl, "q_pad_num_heads", None)

        vllm_config = get_current_vllm_config()
        parallel_config = vllm_config.parallel_config
        assert parallel_config.prefill_context_parallel_size == 1, (
            "Kimi-K3 MultiHeadLatentAttention does not support prefill context "
            "parallelism."
        )
        self.dcp_world_size = parallel_config.decode_context_parallel_size
        self.dcp_manager: MLADCPManager | None = None
        if self.dcp_world_size > 1:
            query_dtype = (
                torch.float8_e4m3fn
                if is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype)
                and self.kv_cache_dtype != "fp8_ds_mla"
                else dtype
            )
            self.dcp_manager = MLADCPManager(
                vllm_config=vllm_config,
                device=next(self.kv_b_proj.parameters()).device,
                num_heads=self.num_local_heads,
                query_head_dim=self.head_size,
                output_head_dim=self.kv_lora_rank,
                query_dtype=query_dtype,
                output_dtype=dtype,
                padded_num_heads=self.q_pad_num_heads,
                is_lse_base_on_e=self.impl.lse_base_on_e,
                use_pcp=False,
            )
        self.prefill_backend = get_mla_prefill_backend(vllm_config)(
            num_heads=self.num_local_heads,
            scale=self.scale,
            kv_lora_rank=self.kv_lora_rank,
            qk_nope_head_dim=self.qk_nope_head_dim,
            qk_rope_head_dim=self.qk_rope_head_dim,
            v_head_dim=self.v_head_dim,
            vllm_config=vllm_config,
        )

        compilation_config = vllm_config.compilation_config
        if prefix in compilation_config.static_forward_context:
            raise ValueError(f"Duplicate layer name: {prefix}")
        compilation_config.static_forward_context[prefix] = self
        self.kv_cache = torch.tensor([])

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # AttentionLayerBase interface
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    def bind_kv_cache(self, kv_cache: torch.Tensor) -> None:
        # [B, H=1, N, C] -> [B, N, C]
        self.kv_cache = kv_cache.squeeze(1)

    def get_attn_backend(self) -> type[AttentionBackend]:
        return self.attn_backend

    def get_kv_cache_spec(self, vllm_config: VllmConfig) -> KVCacheSpec:
        kv_cache_dtype = kv_cache_dtype_str_to_dtype(
            self.kv_cache_dtype, vllm_config.model_config
        )
        # TODO: Remove this mypy workaround once the K3 PR is fully merged.
        return MLAAttentionSpec(  # type: ignore[call-arg]
            block_size=vllm_config.cache_config.block_size,
            num_kv_heads=1,
            head_size=self.head_size,
            dtype=kv_cache_dtype,
            cache_dtype_str=self.kv_cache_dtype,
            kv_quant_mode=get_kv_quant_mode(self.kv_cache_dtype),
            # fp8_ds_mla: 656-byte custom layout; see flashmla_sparse.py.
            state_content_bytes=656 if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla" else None,
            non_causal_multi_token_decode=self.non_causal_multi_token_decode,
        )

    def process_weights_after_loading(self, act_dtype: torch.dtype) -> None:
        """Absorb ``kv_b_proj`` into decode-time ``W_UK_T`` / ``W_UV`` bmm weights.

        ``kv_b_proj`` produces ``[k_nope; v]`` per head from the ``kv_lora_rank``
        latent. For the MQA decode path we pre-split it so that queries are
        projected into latent space by ``W_UK_T`` and the attention output is
        projected back to ``v`` by ``W_UV`` -- avoiding materializing full K/V.
        """
        kv_b_proj_weight = get_and_maybe_dequant_weights(
            self.kv_b_proj, out_dtype=act_dtype
        ).T
        assert kv_b_proj_weight.shape == (
            self.kv_lora_rank,
            self.num_local_heads * (self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim),
        ), f"{kv_b_proj_weight.shape=}"
        kv_b_proj_weight = kv_b_proj_weight.view(
            self.kv_lora_rank,
            self.num_local_heads,
            self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim,
        )
        W_UK, W_UV = kv_b_proj_weight.split(
            [self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1
        )
        # (L, N, V) -> (N, L, V)
        replace_parameter(self, "W_UV", W_UV.transpose(0, 1), prefer_copy=True)
        # (L, N, P) -> (N, P, L)
        replace_parameter(self, "W_UK_T", W_UK.permute(1, 2, 0), prefer_copy=True)

        quant_method = (
            self.quant_config.get_quant_method(self, prefix=self.layer_name)
            if self.quant_config
            else None
        )
        if not should_load_quant_weights(quant_method):
            set_default_quant_scales(self, register_buffer=False)

        # Precompute reciprocal scales once here (scales are final after load;
        # K3 has no runtime calculate_kv_scales path) so the fp8 fused kernels
        # in the decode/prefill hot path take a ready inverse instead of
        # launching a per-step reciprocal kernel.
        self.register_buffer(
            "_q_scale_inv", self._q_scale.reciprocal().reshape(1), persistent=False
        )
        self.register_buffer(
            "_k_scale_inv", self._k_scale.reciprocal().reshape(1), persistent=False
        )

    def _v_up_proj(self, x: torch.Tensor, out: torch.Tensor) -> None:
        """Project latent attention output back to ``v`` via ``W_UV`` (bmm)."""
        # (B, N, L) -> (N, B, L)
        x = x.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank).transpose(0, 1)
        out = out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
        # (N, B, L) x (N, L, V) -> (N, B, V) written transposed into (B, N, V)
        torch.bmm(x, self.W_UV, out=out.transpose(0, 1))

    def _attn_read_kv_cache(self) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Latent cache as seen by the attention read kernels (decode / context).

        A plain per-tensor fp8 cache is stored as ``uint8``; view it as fp8 so
        the backend reads it as E4M3 rather than fp4/E2M1 -- the latter doubles
        the perceived head dim (``head_size * 2``) and fails the kernel's
        ``head_dim_k == head_dim_q`` check. Mirrors ``MLAAttention.forward``;
        the fp8_ds_mla layout keeps its native uint8 view.
        """
        cache = self.kv_cache
        if (
            is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype)
            and self.kv_cache_dtype != "fp8_ds_mla"
        ):
            return cache.view(current_platform.fp8_dtype())
        return cache

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Forward
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    def _forward_attn(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Attention front-end: fused qkv-a proj -> norms -> q_b -> attention.

        Returns the pre-gate attention output ``[num_tokens,
        num_local_heads * v_head_dim]``. On a profile/dummy run
        it returns a zeroed buffer.
        """
        if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
            qkv_lora = self.fused_qkv_a_proj(hidden_states)[0]
            q_c, kv_c, k_pe = qkv_lora.split(
                [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            q_c, kv_c_normed = fused_q_kv_rmsnorm(
                q_c,
                kv_c,
                self.q_a_layernorm.weight.data,
                self.kv_a_layernorm.weight.data,
                self.rms_norm_eps,
            )
            q = self.q_b_proj(q_c)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)
        else:
            # Uncompressed query: project directly (no q-LoRA, no q norm) and
            # normalize only the kv latent.
            q = self.q_proj(hidden_states)[0].view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim
            )
            kv_lora = self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
            kv_c, k_pe = kv_lora.split(
                [self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            kv_c_normed = self.kv_a_layernorm(kv_c)
        k_pe = k_pe.unsqueeze(1)

        attn_out = torch.empty(
            (hidden_states.shape[0], self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim),
            dtype=hidden_states.dtype,
            device=hidden_states.device,
        )
        self._attention(positions, q, kv_c_normed, k_pe, attn_out)
        return attn_out

    def forward(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        # Both branches produce (attn_out, gate); they differ only in whether
        # the g_proj GEMM is overlapped on the aux stream.
        g_proj = self.g_proj
        events = self._gate_events
        if (
            g_proj is not None
            and events is not None
            and self.aux_stream is not None
            and hidden_states.shape[0] < _GATE_MULTI_STREAM_TOKEN_THRESHOLD
        ):
            attn_out, gate = maybe_execute_in_parallel(
                lambda: self._forward_attn(positions, hidden_states),
                lambda: g_proj(hidden_states)[0],
                events[0],
                events[1],
                self.aux_stream,
            )
        else:
            attn_out = self._forward_attn(positions, hidden_states)
            gate = g_proj(hidden_states)[0] if g_proj is not None else None

        if gate is not None:
            attn_out = _gate_sigmoid_mul(attn_out, gate)

        if self.gemm_rs_ar is not None and self.gemm_rs_ar.should_run(attn_out):
            return self.gemm_rs_ar(attn_out, self.o_proj.weight)

        return self.o_proj(attn_out)[0]

    @eager_break_during_capture
    def _attention(
        self,
        positions: torch.Tensor,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        kv_c_normed: torch.Tensor,
        k_pe: torch.Tensor,
        attn_out: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> None:
        forward_context = get_forward_context()
        attn_metadata_by_layer = forward_context.attn_metadata
        if attn_metadata_by_layer is None:
            attn_out.zero_()
            return
        assert isinstance(attn_metadata_by_layer, dict)
        attn_metadata = cast(
            "MLACommonMetadata", attn_metadata_by_layer[self.layer_name]
        )

        num_actual_toks = attn_metadata.num_actual_tokens
        slot_mapping_by_layer = forward_context.slot_mapping
        assert isinstance(slot_mapping_by_layer, dict)
        slot_mapping = slot_mapping_by_layer[self.layer_name]

        q = q[:num_actual_toks]
        kv_c_normed = kv_c_normed[:num_actual_toks]
        k_pe = k_pe[:num_actual_toks]
        positions = positions[:num_actual_toks]
        attn_out = attn_out[:num_actual_toks]

        cos_sin_cache = None
        rope_positions = None
        if self.rotary_emb is not None:
            # Pass the fp32 cos/sin table straight to the fused epilogue (it reads
            # fp32 and does the RoPE math in fp32) -- no per-forward dtype cast.
            cos_sin_cache = self.rotary_emb.cos_sin_cache
            rope_positions = positions

        # Decode tokens are laid out first, prefill tokens after. The fused
        # prefill covers every supported config (bf16 / plain-fp8 /
        # fp8_ds_mla), so there is no dense-MHA (forward_mha) fallback.
        num_mqa_tokens = attn_metadata.num_decode_tokens
        num_mha_tokens = q.size(0) - num_mqa_tokens

        # Both the prefill and decode fused epilogues write their own cache
        # slice, so there is no separate do_kv_cache_update.

        # ---- Prefill: fused key-concat + cache-insert + attention ----
        if num_mha_tokens > 0:
            self._forward_prefill_fused(
                q[num_mqa_tokens:],
                kv_c_normed[num_mqa_tokens:],
                k_pe[num_mqa_tokens:],
                rope_positions[num_mqa_tokens:] if rope_positions is not None else None,
                cos_sin_cache,
                slot_mapping[num_mqa_tokens:num_actual_toks],
                attn_metadata,
                attn_out[num_mqa_tokens:],
            )

        # ---- Decode: latent multi-query attention ----
        if num_mqa_tokens > 0:
            mqa_q_nope, mqa_q_pe = q[:num_mqa_tokens].split(
                [self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
            )
            # BMM1: absorb q_nope into latent space. (N,B,P) x (N,P,L) -> (B,N,L)
            ql_nope = torch.bmm(mqa_q_nope.transpose(0, 1), self.W_UK_T).transpose(0, 1)
            # Fused: concat mqa_q = [ql_nope | q_pe] and insert the decode-token
            # latent into the paged cache (one launch, right before forward_mqa).
            mqa_q = self._decode_concat_cache(
                ql_nope,
                mqa_q_pe,
                kv_c_normed[:num_mqa_tokens],
                k_pe[:num_mqa_tokens],
                rope_positions[:num_mqa_tokens] if rope_positions is not None else None,
                cos_sin_cache,
                slot_mapping[:num_mqa_tokens],
            )
            if self.dcp_world_size > 1:
                assert self.dcp_manager is not None
                assert self.dcp_manager.query_gather is not None
                mqa_q = self.dcp_manager.query_gather(mqa_q)
            latent_out, lse = self.impl.forward_mqa(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                mqa_q, self._attn_read_kv_cache(), attn_metadata, self
            )
            if self.dcp_world_size > 1:
                assert lse is not None
                assert self.dcp_manager is not None
                assert attn_metadata.decode is not None
                latent_out = self.dcp_manager.combine(
                    latent_out,
                    lse,
                    seq_lens=attn_metadata.decode.seq_lens,
                    query_start_loc=attn_metadata.query_start_loc[
                        : attn_metadata.num_decodes + 1
                    ],
                )
            self._v_up_proj(latent_out, out=attn_out[:num_mqa_tokens])

    def _decode_concat_cache(
        self,
        ql_nope: torch.Tensor,
        q_pe: torch.Tensor,
        kv_c_normed: torch.Tensor,
        k_pe: torch.Tensor,
        positions: torch.Tensor | None,
        cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor | None,
        slot_mapping: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """Fused decode query-concat + latent cache insert, dispatched by cache
        dtype (same policy as prefill: fp8 cache -> fp8 query)."""
        if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
            cache = self.kv_cache
            if cache.dtype != torch.uint8:
                cache = cache.view(torch.uint8)
            return fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
                ql_nope,
                q_pe,
                kv_c_normed,
                k_pe,
                cache,
                slot_mapping,
                ds_mla=True,
                positions=positions,
                cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
            )
        if is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype):
            cache = self.kv_cache
            if cache.dtype != torch.float8_e4m3fn:
                cache = cache.view(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
            mqa_q = fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
                ql_nope,
                q_pe,
                kv_c_normed,
                k_pe,
                cache,
                slot_mapping,
                q_scale_inv=self._q_scale_inv,
                cache_scale_inv=self._k_scale_inv,
                positions=positions,
                cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
            )
            if not self.impl.supports_quant_query_input:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                # Backend dequantizes fp8 KV on load and takes a bf16 query
                # (e.g. TRITON_MLA, the DSpark draft); undo the query
                # quantization.
                mqa_q = (mqa_q.to(torch.float32) * self._q_scale).to(ql_nope.dtype)
            return mqa_q
        return fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
            ql_nope,
            q_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            k_pe,
            self.kv_cache,
            slot_mapping,
            positions=positions,
            cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
        )

    def _compute_prefill_context(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        attn_metadata: "MLACommonMetadata",
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """Chunked-context prefill, K3-fused. Replaces the impl's version.

        Per chunk the impl gathers the paged latent, up-projects it, then casts
        and concatenates K (and casts V) in two or three more launches. Here that
        tail is one fused kernel per chunk -- ``fused_mla_kv_concat`` for a bf16
        query, ``fused_mla_kv_concat_quant_fp8`` when the query is fp8 -- reading
        the strided ``kv_b_proj`` output in place and writing a contiguous key, so
        only the gather and ``kv_b_proj`` remain.

        The impl's query cast is gone as well: ``q`` already carries
        ``prefill.q_data_type`` because the new-token epilogue quantized it. The
        gathered latent still gets the impl's cast to whatever ``kv_b_proj``
        consumes -- free (a no-op ``.to``) for a checkpoint whose ``kv_b_proj``
        takes the fp8 latent directly, and required for a bf16 one, which is
        what a stock K3 checkpoint carries. Its output is bf16 either way.

        The gathered ``k_pe`` is likewise used as-is (fp8 for a plain fp8 cache)
        and needs no RoPE: it was rotated on the way in.

        Chunk partials are written straight into the accumulating context partial
        when the prefill backend honors ``out``, so only the (64x smaller) lse is
        copied per chunk.

        Decode context parallelism keeps using
        ``impl._context_parallel_compute_prefill_context``; its extra allgather
        and reorg are not fused here.
        """
        prefill = attn_metadata.prefill
        assert prefill is not None
        prefill_backend = prefill.prefill_backend
        assert prefill_backend is not None
        chunked_context = prefill.chunked_context
        assert chunked_context is not None
        assert q.dtype == prefill.q_data_type, (
            "Kimi-K3 chunked context expects the new-token epilogue to have "
            f"produced a {prefill.q_data_type} query; got {q.dtype}."
        )

        fp8_prefill = q.dtype == current_platform.fp8_dtype()
        workspace = chunked_context.workspace
        kv_cache = self._attn_read_kv_cache()
        kv_b_proj_input_dtype = _get_kv_b_proj_input_dtype(self.kv_b_proj, fp8_prefill)

        def run_chunk(
            chunk, out: torch.Tensor | None = None
        ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
            self._gather_context_latent(chunk, kv_cache, prefill, fp8_prefill)
            gathered = workspace[: chunk.num_context_tokens]
            kv_c_normed = gathered[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]
            if kv_b_proj_input_dtype is not None:
                kv_c_normed = kv_c_normed.to(kv_b_proj_input_dtype)
            kv_nope = self.kv_b_proj(kv_c_normed)[0].view(
                -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim
            )
            k_nope, v = kv_nope.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1)
            k_pe = gathered[..., self.kv_lora_rank :]
            if fp8_prefill:
                k, v = fused_mla_kv_concat_quant_fp8(k_nope, k_pe, v)
            else:
                k = fused_mla_kv_concat(k_nope, k_pe)
            attn_output, attn_lse = prefill_backend.run_prefill_context_chunk(
                chunk=chunk, q=q[chunk.token_slice], k=k, v=v, out=out
            )
            assert out is None or attn_output.data_ptr() == out.data_ptr(), (
                f"{prefill_backend.get_name()} reports supports_out() but did not "
                "write the context chunk into the `out` it was given."
            )
            return attn_output, attn_lse

        chunks = chunked_context.chunks
        if len(chunks) == 1 and not chunked_context.empty_token_slices:
            # One chunk covering every prefill token: its partial *is* the context
            # partial, so it needs neither an accumulator nor a copy.
            return run_chunk(chunks[0])

        # A backend honoring `out` writes each chunk's partial straight into the
        # accumulator, so the per-chunk output copy disappears -- and because that
        # contract fixes the trailing shape, the accumulator can be sized before
        # any chunk runs. Otherwise the shape is only knowable from a real partial,
        # so the first chunk runs ahead of the loop and is copied in.
        writes_out = prefill_backend.supports_out()
        if writes_out:
            assert prefill.output_dtype is not None
            output = torch.empty(
                (q.shape[0], self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim),
                dtype=prefill.output_dtype,
                device=q.device,
            )
            output_lse = torch.empty(
                (self.num_local_heads, q.shape[0]),
                dtype=torch.float32,
                device=q.device,
            )
            neutralize_empty_context_partials(chunked_context, output, output_lse)
        else:
            attn_output, attn_lse = run_chunk(chunks[0])
            output, output_lse = init_mla_context_partial(
                chunked_context, attn_output, attn_lse, num_tokens=q.shape[0]
            )
            accumulate_mla_context_chunk(
                chunks[0], attn_output, attn_lse, output, output_lse
            )
            chunks = chunks[1:]

        for chunk in chunks:
            # A continuation chunk's leading tokens have to be merged with the
            # partial already sitting there, so it cannot write in place.
            out = (
                output[chunk.token_slice]
                if writes_out and not chunk.is_continuation
                else None
            )
            attn_output, attn_lse = run_chunk(chunk, out=out)
            accumulate_mla_context_chunk(
                chunk,
                attn_output,
                attn_lse,
                output,
                output_lse,
                output_written=out is not None,
            )
        return output, output_lse

    def _gather_context_latent(
        self,
        chunk,
        kv_cache: torch.Tensor,
        prefill,
        fp8_prefill: bool,
    ) -> None:
        """Gather one chunk's paged context latent into the workspace.

        Dispatched exactly as in ``impl._compute_prefill_context``: an fp8 query
        reads the plain fp8 cache in its stored layout, anything else lands in the
        workspace as the model dtype.
        """
        workspace = prefill.chunked_context.workspace
        toks = chunk.num_context_tokens
        block_table = prefill.block_table[chunk.request_slice]
        if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
            ops.cp_gather_and_upconvert_fp8_kv_cache(
                src_cache=kv_cache,
                dst=workspace[:toks],
                block_table=block_table,
                workspace_starts=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
                batch_size=chunk.num_requests,
                seq_starts=chunk.starts,
            )
        elif not fp8_prefill:
            ops.gather_and_maybe_dequant_cache(
                src_cache=kv_cache,
                dst=workspace,
                block_table=block_table,
                cu_seq_lens=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
                token_to_seq=chunk.token_to_seq,
                num_tokens=toks,
                kv_cache_dtype=self.kv_cache_dtype,
                scale=self._k_scale,
                seq_starts=chunk.starts,
            )
        else:
            ops.cp_gather_cache(
                src_cache=kv_cache,
                dst=workspace[:toks],
                block_table=block_table,
                cu_seq_lens=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
                batch_size=chunk.num_requests,
                seq_starts=chunk.starts,
            )

    def _forward_prefill_fused(
        self,
        q: torch.Tensor,
        kv_c_normed: torch.Tensor,
        k_pe: torch.Tensor,
        positions: torch.Tensor | None,
        cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor | None,
        slot_mapping: torch.Tensor,
        attn_metadata,
        out: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> None:
        """Prefill using the fused key-concat + cache-insert kernel.

        Replaces ``_concat_k_nope_k_pe`` and the prefill cache write with one
        fused kernel launch, dispatched by cache dtype. Chunked context runs
        through this layer's ``_compute_prefill_context``, except under DCP where
        it is delegated to the impl.

        Supported configs (K3 fp8 policy):
          - bf16 cache        -> bf16 prefill query
          - plain fp8 cache   -> fp8 prefill query (unscaled q/k/v; cache _k_scale)
          - fp8_ds_mla cache  -> bf16 prefill query (656B per-tile self-scaled)
        """
        prefill = attn_metadata.prefill
        has_context = prefill.chunked_context is not None
        fp8_prefill = prefill.q_data_type == current_platform.fp8_dtype()

        kv_nope = self.kv_b_proj(kv_c_normed)[0].view(
            -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim
        )
        k_nope, v = kv_nope.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1)

        if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
            # fp8_ds_mla cache (656B, per-tile self-scaled); bf16 attention.
            assert not fp8_prefill, (
                "Kimi-K3 fp8_ds_mla uses a bf16 prefill query; fp8 prefill "
                "query is not supported with fp8_ds_mla."
            )
            kv_cache = self.kv_cache
            if kv_cache.dtype != torch.uint8:
                kv_cache = kv_cache.view(torch.uint8)
            k = fused_mla_key_concat_ds_mla_insert(
                q,
                k_nope,
                k_pe,
                kv_c_normed,
                kv_cache,
                slot_mapping,
                positions,
                cos_sin_cache,
            )
        elif is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype):
            assert fp8_prefill, (
                "Kimi-K3 fp8 KV cache requires an fp8 prefill query; enable "
                "--attention-config '{\"use_prefill_query_quantization\": true}'."
            )
            # Plain per-tensor fp8: quant q/k/v (unscaled, matching forward_mha's
            # unscaled `.to(fp8)`) and insert the fp8 latent (scaled by _k_scale).
            kv_cache = self.kv_cache
            if kv_cache.dtype != torch.float8_e4m3fn:
                kv_cache = kv_cache.view(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
            q, k, v = fused_mla_qkv_quant_kv_cache_fp8_insert(
                q,
                k_nope,
                k_pe,
                kv_c_normed,
                v,
                kv_cache,
                slot_mapping,
                self._one_scale,
                self._one_scale,
                self._one_scale,
                self._k_scale_inv,
                positions,
                cos_sin_cache,
            )
        else:
            # Concat full K = [k_nope | k_pe] and insert [kv_c_normed | k_pe]
            # into the paged cache for these prefill tokens, in one launch.
            k = fused_mla_key_concat_kv_cache_insert(
                q,
                k_nope,
                k_pe,
                kv_c_normed,
                self.kv_cache,
                slot_mapping,
                positions,
                cos_sin_cache,
            )

        # When there is no chunked context, backends that honor `out` write the
        # attention result straight into it, avoiding a slice+flatten+copy.
        writes_out = not has_context and prefill.prefill_backend.supports_out()
        output_prefill = prefill.prefill_backend.run_prefill_new_tokens(
            q=q,
            k=k,
            v=v,
            return_softmax_lse=has_context,
            out=(
                out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
                if writes_out
                else None
            ),
        )

        if has_context:
            if self.dcp_world_size > 1:
                context_output, context_lse = (
                    self.impl._context_parallel_compute_prefill_context(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                        q,
                        self._attn_read_kv_cache(),
                        attn_metadata,
                        k_scale=self._k_scale,
                        dcp_world_size=self.dcp_world_size,
                    )
                )
            else:
                context_output, context_lse = self._compute_prefill_context(
                    q, attn_metadata
                )
            suffix_output, suffix_lse = output_prefill
            out = out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
            merge_attn_states(
                output=out,
                prefix_output=context_output[..., : self.v_head_dim],
                prefix_lse=context_lse,
                suffix_output=suffix_output[..., : self.v_head_dim],
                suffix_lse=suffix_lse,
            )
        elif not writes_out:
            out.copy_(output_prefill[..., : self.v_head_dim].flatten(start_dim=-2))

_attn_read_kv_cache()

Latent cache as seen by the attention read kernels (decode / context).

A plain per-tensor fp8 cache is stored as uint8; view it as fp8 so the backend reads it as E4M3 rather than fp4/E2M1 -- the latter doubles the perceived head dim (head_size * 2) and fails the kernel's head_dim_k == head_dim_q check. Mirrors MLAAttention.forward; the fp8_ds_mla layout keeps its native uint8 view.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _attn_read_kv_cache(self) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Latent cache as seen by the attention read kernels (decode / context).

    A plain per-tensor fp8 cache is stored as ``uint8``; view it as fp8 so
    the backend reads it as E4M3 rather than fp4/E2M1 -- the latter doubles
    the perceived head dim (``head_size * 2``) and fails the kernel's
    ``head_dim_k == head_dim_q`` check. Mirrors ``MLAAttention.forward``;
    the fp8_ds_mla layout keeps its native uint8 view.
    """
    cache = self.kv_cache
    if (
        is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype)
        and self.kv_cache_dtype != "fp8_ds_mla"
    ):
        return cache.view(current_platform.fp8_dtype())
    return cache

_compute_prefill_context(q, attn_metadata)

Chunked-context prefill, K3-fused. Replaces the impl's version.

Per chunk the impl gathers the paged latent, up-projects it, then casts and concatenates K (and casts V) in two or three more launches. Here that tail is one fused kernel per chunk -- fused_mla_kv_concat for a bf16 query, fused_mla_kv_concat_quant_fp8 when the query is fp8 -- reading the strided kv_b_proj output in place and writing a contiguous key, so only the gather and kv_b_proj remain.

The impl's query cast is gone as well: q already carries prefill.q_data_type because the new-token epilogue quantized it. The gathered latent still gets the impl's cast to whatever kv_b_proj consumes -- free (a no-op .to) for a checkpoint whose kv_b_proj takes the fp8 latent directly, and required for a bf16 one, which is what a stock K3 checkpoint carries. Its output is bf16 either way.

The gathered k_pe is likewise used as-is (fp8 for a plain fp8 cache) and needs no RoPE: it was rotated on the way in.

Chunk partials are written straight into the accumulating context partial when the prefill backend honors out, so only the (64x smaller) lse is copied per chunk.

Decode context parallelism keeps using impl._context_parallel_compute_prefill_context; its extra allgather and reorg are not fused here.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _compute_prefill_context(
    self,
    q: torch.Tensor,
    attn_metadata: "MLACommonMetadata",
) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
    """Chunked-context prefill, K3-fused. Replaces the impl's version.

    Per chunk the impl gathers the paged latent, up-projects it, then casts
    and concatenates K (and casts V) in two or three more launches. Here that
    tail is one fused kernel per chunk -- ``fused_mla_kv_concat`` for a bf16
    query, ``fused_mla_kv_concat_quant_fp8`` when the query is fp8 -- reading
    the strided ``kv_b_proj`` output in place and writing a contiguous key, so
    only the gather and ``kv_b_proj`` remain.

    The impl's query cast is gone as well: ``q`` already carries
    ``prefill.q_data_type`` because the new-token epilogue quantized it. The
    gathered latent still gets the impl's cast to whatever ``kv_b_proj``
    consumes -- free (a no-op ``.to``) for a checkpoint whose ``kv_b_proj``
    takes the fp8 latent directly, and required for a bf16 one, which is
    what a stock K3 checkpoint carries. Its output is bf16 either way.

    The gathered ``k_pe`` is likewise used as-is (fp8 for a plain fp8 cache)
    and needs no RoPE: it was rotated on the way in.

    Chunk partials are written straight into the accumulating context partial
    when the prefill backend honors ``out``, so only the (64x smaller) lse is
    copied per chunk.

    Decode context parallelism keeps using
    ``impl._context_parallel_compute_prefill_context``; its extra allgather
    and reorg are not fused here.
    """
    prefill = attn_metadata.prefill
    assert prefill is not None
    prefill_backend = prefill.prefill_backend
    assert prefill_backend is not None
    chunked_context = prefill.chunked_context
    assert chunked_context is not None
    assert q.dtype == prefill.q_data_type, (
        "Kimi-K3 chunked context expects the new-token epilogue to have "
        f"produced a {prefill.q_data_type} query; got {q.dtype}."
    )

    fp8_prefill = q.dtype == current_platform.fp8_dtype()
    workspace = chunked_context.workspace
    kv_cache = self._attn_read_kv_cache()
    kv_b_proj_input_dtype = _get_kv_b_proj_input_dtype(self.kv_b_proj, fp8_prefill)

    def run_chunk(
        chunk, out: torch.Tensor | None = None
    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        self._gather_context_latent(chunk, kv_cache, prefill, fp8_prefill)
        gathered = workspace[: chunk.num_context_tokens]
        kv_c_normed = gathered[..., : self.kv_lora_rank]
        if kv_b_proj_input_dtype is not None:
            kv_c_normed = kv_c_normed.to(kv_b_proj_input_dtype)
        kv_nope = self.kv_b_proj(kv_c_normed)[0].view(
            -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim
        )
        k_nope, v = kv_nope.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1)
        k_pe = gathered[..., self.kv_lora_rank :]
        if fp8_prefill:
            k, v = fused_mla_kv_concat_quant_fp8(k_nope, k_pe, v)
        else:
            k = fused_mla_kv_concat(k_nope, k_pe)
        attn_output, attn_lse = prefill_backend.run_prefill_context_chunk(
            chunk=chunk, q=q[chunk.token_slice], k=k, v=v, out=out
        )
        assert out is None or attn_output.data_ptr() == out.data_ptr(), (
            f"{prefill_backend.get_name()} reports supports_out() but did not "
            "write the context chunk into the `out` it was given."
        )
        return attn_output, attn_lse

    chunks = chunked_context.chunks
    if len(chunks) == 1 and not chunked_context.empty_token_slices:
        # One chunk covering every prefill token: its partial *is* the context
        # partial, so it needs neither an accumulator nor a copy.
        return run_chunk(chunks[0])

    # A backend honoring `out` writes each chunk's partial straight into the
    # accumulator, so the per-chunk output copy disappears -- and because that
    # contract fixes the trailing shape, the accumulator can be sized before
    # any chunk runs. Otherwise the shape is only knowable from a real partial,
    # so the first chunk runs ahead of the loop and is copied in.
    writes_out = prefill_backend.supports_out()
    if writes_out:
        assert prefill.output_dtype is not None
        output = torch.empty(
            (q.shape[0], self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim),
            dtype=prefill.output_dtype,
            device=q.device,
        )
        output_lse = torch.empty(
            (self.num_local_heads, q.shape[0]),
            dtype=torch.float32,
            device=q.device,
        )
        neutralize_empty_context_partials(chunked_context, output, output_lse)
    else:
        attn_output, attn_lse = run_chunk(chunks[0])
        output, output_lse = init_mla_context_partial(
            chunked_context, attn_output, attn_lse, num_tokens=q.shape[0]
        )
        accumulate_mla_context_chunk(
            chunks[0], attn_output, attn_lse, output, output_lse
        )
        chunks = chunks[1:]

    for chunk in chunks:
        # A continuation chunk's leading tokens have to be merged with the
        # partial already sitting there, so it cannot write in place.
        out = (
            output[chunk.token_slice]
            if writes_out and not chunk.is_continuation
            else None
        )
        attn_output, attn_lse = run_chunk(chunk, out=out)
        accumulate_mla_context_chunk(
            chunk,
            attn_output,
            attn_lse,
            output,
            output_lse,
            output_written=out is not None,
        )
    return output, output_lse

_decode_concat_cache(ql_nope, q_pe, kv_c_normed, k_pe, positions, cos_sin_cache, slot_mapping)

Fused decode query-concat + latent cache insert, dispatched by cache dtype (same policy as prefill: fp8 cache -> fp8 query).

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _decode_concat_cache(
    self,
    ql_nope: torch.Tensor,
    q_pe: torch.Tensor,
    kv_c_normed: torch.Tensor,
    k_pe: torch.Tensor,
    positions: torch.Tensor | None,
    cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor | None,
    slot_mapping: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Fused decode query-concat + latent cache insert, dispatched by cache
    dtype (same policy as prefill: fp8 cache -> fp8 query)."""
    if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
        cache = self.kv_cache
        if cache.dtype != torch.uint8:
            cache = cache.view(torch.uint8)
        return fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
            ql_nope,
            q_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            k_pe,
            cache,
            slot_mapping,
            ds_mla=True,
            positions=positions,
            cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
        )
    if is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype):
        cache = self.kv_cache
        if cache.dtype != torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            cache = cache.view(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
        mqa_q = fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
            ql_nope,
            q_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            k_pe,
            cache,
            slot_mapping,
            q_scale_inv=self._q_scale_inv,
            cache_scale_inv=self._k_scale_inv,
            positions=positions,
            cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
        )
        if not self.impl.supports_quant_query_input:  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            # Backend dequantizes fp8 KV on load and takes a bf16 query
            # (e.g. TRITON_MLA, the DSpark draft); undo the query
            # quantization.
            mqa_q = (mqa_q.to(torch.float32) * self._q_scale).to(ql_nope.dtype)
        return mqa_q
    return fused_mla_decode_q_concat_kv_cache_insert(
        ql_nope,
        q_pe,
        kv_c_normed,
        k_pe,
        self.kv_cache,
        slot_mapping,
        positions=positions,
        cos_sin_cache=cos_sin_cache,
    )

_forward_attn(positions, hidden_states)

Attention front-end: fused qkv-a proj -> norms -> q_b -> attention.

Returns the pre-gate attention output [num_tokens, num_local_heads * v_head_dim]. On a profile/dummy run it returns a zeroed buffer.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _forward_attn(
    self,
    positions: torch.Tensor,
    hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Attention front-end: fused qkv-a proj -> norms -> q_b -> attention.

    Returns the pre-gate attention output ``[num_tokens,
    num_local_heads * v_head_dim]``. On a profile/dummy run
    it returns a zeroed buffer.
    """
    if self.q_lora_rank is not None:
        qkv_lora = self.fused_qkv_a_proj(hidden_states)[0]
        q_c, kv_c, k_pe = qkv_lora.split(
            [self.q_lora_rank, self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
        )
        q_c, kv_c_normed = fused_q_kv_rmsnorm(
            q_c,
            kv_c,
            self.q_a_layernorm.weight.data,
            self.kv_a_layernorm.weight.data,
            self.rms_norm_eps,
        )
        q = self.q_b_proj(q_c)[0].view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim)
    else:
        # Uncompressed query: project directly (no q-LoRA, no q norm) and
        # normalize only the kv latent.
        q = self.q_proj(hidden_states)[0].view(
            -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_head_dim
        )
        kv_lora = self.kv_a_proj_with_mqa(hidden_states)[0]
        kv_c, k_pe = kv_lora.split(
            [self.kv_lora_rank, self.qk_rope_head_dim], dim=-1
        )
        kv_c_normed = self.kv_a_layernorm(kv_c)
    k_pe = k_pe.unsqueeze(1)

    attn_out = torch.empty(
        (hidden_states.shape[0], self.num_local_heads * self.v_head_dim),
        dtype=hidden_states.dtype,
        device=hidden_states.device,
    )
    self._attention(positions, q, kv_c_normed, k_pe, attn_out)
    return attn_out

_forward_prefill_fused(q, kv_c_normed, k_pe, positions, cos_sin_cache, slot_mapping, attn_metadata, out)

Prefill using the fused key-concat + cache-insert kernel.

Replaces _concat_k_nope_k_pe and the prefill cache write with one fused kernel launch, dispatched by cache dtype. Chunked context runs through this layer's _compute_prefill_context, except under DCP where it is delegated to the impl.

Supported configs (K3 fp8 policy): - bf16 cache -> bf16 prefill query - plain fp8 cache -> fp8 prefill query (unscaled q/k/v; cache _k_scale) - fp8_ds_mla cache -> bf16 prefill query (656B per-tile self-scaled)

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _forward_prefill_fused(
    self,
    q: torch.Tensor,
    kv_c_normed: torch.Tensor,
    k_pe: torch.Tensor,
    positions: torch.Tensor | None,
    cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor | None,
    slot_mapping: torch.Tensor,
    attn_metadata,
    out: torch.Tensor,
) -> None:
    """Prefill using the fused key-concat + cache-insert kernel.

    Replaces ``_concat_k_nope_k_pe`` and the prefill cache write with one
    fused kernel launch, dispatched by cache dtype. Chunked context runs
    through this layer's ``_compute_prefill_context``, except under DCP where
    it is delegated to the impl.

    Supported configs (K3 fp8 policy):
      - bf16 cache        -> bf16 prefill query
      - plain fp8 cache   -> fp8 prefill query (unscaled q/k/v; cache _k_scale)
      - fp8_ds_mla cache  -> bf16 prefill query (656B per-tile self-scaled)
    """
    prefill = attn_metadata.prefill
    has_context = prefill.chunked_context is not None
    fp8_prefill = prefill.q_data_type == current_platform.fp8_dtype()

    kv_nope = self.kv_b_proj(kv_c_normed)[0].view(
        -1, self.num_local_heads, self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim
    )
    k_nope, v = kv_nope.split([self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1)

    if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
        # fp8_ds_mla cache (656B, per-tile self-scaled); bf16 attention.
        assert not fp8_prefill, (
            "Kimi-K3 fp8_ds_mla uses a bf16 prefill query; fp8 prefill "
            "query is not supported with fp8_ds_mla."
        )
        kv_cache = self.kv_cache
        if kv_cache.dtype != torch.uint8:
            kv_cache = kv_cache.view(torch.uint8)
        k = fused_mla_key_concat_ds_mla_insert(
            q,
            k_nope,
            k_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            kv_cache,
            slot_mapping,
            positions,
            cos_sin_cache,
        )
    elif is_quantized_kv_cache(self.kv_cache_dtype):
        assert fp8_prefill, (
            "Kimi-K3 fp8 KV cache requires an fp8 prefill query; enable "
            "--attention-config '{\"use_prefill_query_quantization\": true}'."
        )
        # Plain per-tensor fp8: quant q/k/v (unscaled, matching forward_mha's
        # unscaled `.to(fp8)`) and insert the fp8 latent (scaled by _k_scale).
        kv_cache = self.kv_cache
        if kv_cache.dtype != torch.float8_e4m3fn:
            kv_cache = kv_cache.view(torch.float8_e4m3fn)
        q, k, v = fused_mla_qkv_quant_kv_cache_fp8_insert(
            q,
            k_nope,
            k_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            v,
            kv_cache,
            slot_mapping,
            self._one_scale,
            self._one_scale,
            self._one_scale,
            self._k_scale_inv,
            positions,
            cos_sin_cache,
        )
    else:
        # Concat full K = [k_nope | k_pe] and insert [kv_c_normed | k_pe]
        # into the paged cache for these prefill tokens, in one launch.
        k = fused_mla_key_concat_kv_cache_insert(
            q,
            k_nope,
            k_pe,
            kv_c_normed,
            self.kv_cache,
            slot_mapping,
            positions,
            cos_sin_cache,
        )

    # When there is no chunked context, backends that honor `out` write the
    # attention result straight into it, avoiding a slice+flatten+copy.
    writes_out = not has_context and prefill.prefill_backend.supports_out()
    output_prefill = prefill.prefill_backend.run_prefill_new_tokens(
        q=q,
        k=k,
        v=v,
        return_softmax_lse=has_context,
        out=(
            out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
            if writes_out
            else None
        ),
    )

    if has_context:
        if self.dcp_world_size > 1:
            context_output, context_lse = (
                self.impl._context_parallel_compute_prefill_context(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                    q,
                    self._attn_read_kv_cache(),
                    attn_metadata,
                    k_scale=self._k_scale,
                    dcp_world_size=self.dcp_world_size,
                )
            )
        else:
            context_output, context_lse = self._compute_prefill_context(
                q, attn_metadata
            )
        suffix_output, suffix_lse = output_prefill
        out = out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
        merge_attn_states(
            output=out,
            prefix_output=context_output[..., : self.v_head_dim],
            prefix_lse=context_lse,
            suffix_output=suffix_output[..., : self.v_head_dim],
            suffix_lse=suffix_lse,
        )
    elif not writes_out:
        out.copy_(output_prefill[..., : self.v_head_dim].flatten(start_dim=-2))

_gather_context_latent(chunk, kv_cache, prefill, fp8_prefill)

Gather one chunk's paged context latent into the workspace.

Dispatched exactly as in impl._compute_prefill_context: an fp8 query reads the plain fp8 cache in its stored layout, anything else lands in the workspace as the model dtype.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _gather_context_latent(
    self,
    chunk,
    kv_cache: torch.Tensor,
    prefill,
    fp8_prefill: bool,
) -> None:
    """Gather one chunk's paged context latent into the workspace.

    Dispatched exactly as in ``impl._compute_prefill_context``: an fp8 query
    reads the plain fp8 cache in its stored layout, anything else lands in the
    workspace as the model dtype.
    """
    workspace = prefill.chunked_context.workspace
    toks = chunk.num_context_tokens
    block_table = prefill.block_table[chunk.request_slice]
    if self.kv_cache_dtype == "fp8_ds_mla":
        ops.cp_gather_and_upconvert_fp8_kv_cache(
            src_cache=kv_cache,
            dst=workspace[:toks],
            block_table=block_table,
            workspace_starts=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
            batch_size=chunk.num_requests,
            seq_starts=chunk.starts,
        )
    elif not fp8_prefill:
        ops.gather_and_maybe_dequant_cache(
            src_cache=kv_cache,
            dst=workspace,
            block_table=block_table,
            cu_seq_lens=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
            token_to_seq=chunk.token_to_seq,
            num_tokens=toks,
            kv_cache_dtype=self.kv_cache_dtype,
            scale=self._k_scale,
            seq_starts=chunk.starts,
        )
    else:
        ops.cp_gather_cache(
            src_cache=kv_cache,
            dst=workspace[:toks],
            block_table=block_table,
            cu_seq_lens=chunk.cu_seq_lens,
            batch_size=chunk.num_requests,
            seq_starts=chunk.starts,
        )

_v_up_proj(x, out)

Project latent attention output back to v via W_UV (bmm).

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def _v_up_proj(self, x: torch.Tensor, out: torch.Tensor) -> None:
    """Project latent attention output back to ``v`` via ``W_UV`` (bmm)."""
    # (B, N, L) -> (N, B, L)
    x = x.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.kv_lora_rank).transpose(0, 1)
    out = out.view(-1, self.num_local_heads, self.v_head_dim)
    # (N, B, L) x (N, L, V) -> (N, B, V) written transposed into (B, N, V)
    torch.bmm(x, self.W_UV, out=out.transpose(0, 1))

process_weights_after_loading(act_dtype)

Absorb kv_b_proj into decode-time W_UK_T / W_UV bmm weights.

kv_b_proj produces [k_nope; v] per head from the kv_lora_rank latent. For the MQA decode path we pre-split it so that queries are projected into latent space by W_UK_T and the attention output is projected back to v by W_UV -- avoiding materializing full K/V.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
def process_weights_after_loading(self, act_dtype: torch.dtype) -> None:
    """Absorb ``kv_b_proj`` into decode-time ``W_UK_T`` / ``W_UV`` bmm weights.

    ``kv_b_proj`` produces ``[k_nope; v]`` per head from the ``kv_lora_rank``
    latent. For the MQA decode path we pre-split it so that queries are
    projected into latent space by ``W_UK_T`` and the attention output is
    projected back to ``v`` by ``W_UV`` -- avoiding materializing full K/V.
    """
    kv_b_proj_weight = get_and_maybe_dequant_weights(
        self.kv_b_proj, out_dtype=act_dtype
    ).T
    assert kv_b_proj_weight.shape == (
        self.kv_lora_rank,
        self.num_local_heads * (self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim),
    ), f"{kv_b_proj_weight.shape=}"
    kv_b_proj_weight = kv_b_proj_weight.view(
        self.kv_lora_rank,
        self.num_local_heads,
        self.qk_nope_head_dim + self.v_head_dim,
    )
    W_UK, W_UV = kv_b_proj_weight.split(
        [self.qk_nope_head_dim, self.v_head_dim], dim=-1
    )
    # (L, N, V) -> (N, L, V)
    replace_parameter(self, "W_UV", W_UV.transpose(0, 1), prefer_copy=True)
    # (L, N, P) -> (N, P, L)
    replace_parameter(self, "W_UK_T", W_UK.permute(1, 2, 0), prefer_copy=True)

    quant_method = (
        self.quant_config.get_quant_method(self, prefix=self.layer_name)
        if self.quant_config
        else None
    )
    if not should_load_quant_weights(quant_method):
        set_default_quant_scales(self, register_buffer=False)

    # Precompute reciprocal scales once here (scales are final after load;
    # K3 has no runtime calculate_kv_scales path) so the fp8 fused kernels
    # in the decode/prefill hot path take a ready inverse instead of
    # launching a per-step reciprocal kernel.
    self.register_buffer(
        "_q_scale_inv", self._q_scale.reciprocal().reshape(1), persistent=False
    )
    self.register_buffer(
        "_k_scale_inv", self._k_scale.reciprocal().reshape(1), persistent=False
    )

_gate_sigmoid_mul(attn_out, gate)

Apply the sigmoid output gate to a precomputed g_proj projection.

Source code in vllm/models/kimi_k3/nvidia/mla.py
@torch.compile(backend=current_platform.simple_compile_backend)
def _gate_sigmoid_mul(attn_out: torch.Tensor, gate: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Apply the sigmoid output gate to a precomputed ``g_proj`` projection."""
    return attn_out * gate.sigmoid()